Surveying

Overview of topographic surveying techniques & methods

Lokal Group Survey Consultant has provided surveyors for various large scale corridor survey projects. All surveyors have broad first-hand experience on surveying oil and natural gas pipelines as well as power transmission lines. Lokal Group surveyors have completed major pipeline projects and electrical power transmission corridor surveys in many Caspian Sea littoral states. Our consultants have hands-on experience in boundary surveying, cadastral surveying, terrain mapping, as-built, and construction staking. The scope of work for each project generally include providing a control network; and location of all physical/topographic features within the land boundary. This essential local knowledge is required for mapping, writing easements, and construction staking.

The site teams have the ability to utilize terrestrial and mobile scanning capabilities to collect the many topographic features. Topographic features include but are not limited to; all existing power transmission and distribution service lines, roads, fences, structures, wire sags, sidewalks, driveways, irrigation, foreign utility pipelines, and drainage ditches. Property boundaries and easements will be mapped and shown on the utility corridor drawings; we will maintain a high level of communication throughout the project duration. Once the project is under way, survey personnel will work alongside the contractor and design engineer to minimize construction issues.

This Overview provides an understanding of the different types of surveys and equipment that are used for performing control and topographic surveys. It briefly covers the various types of engineering surveys used to support facility design and construction placement; the different survey equipment and instruments used, and the general field and office procedures that are performed.

Surveying - General definitions

“Topographic Surveying” encompasses a broad range of surveying and mapping products, ranging from aerial mapping to ground and underground surveys. “Control Surveying” likewise can cover wide area geodetic surveys to construction stakeout. The following definitions illustrates how topographic and control surveying falls under the overall “Surveying and Mapping” field.

Topographic survey

A survey of selected natural and artificial features of a part of the earth’s surface to determine horizontal and vertical spatial relations

Control survey

A survey which provides horizontal or vertical position data for the support or control of subordinate surveys or for mapping.

Surveying and Mapping

A process of direct measurement and analysis specifically designed to document the existence, the identity, the location, and the dimension or size of natural or artificial features on land or in the air, space or water for the purpose of producing accurate and reliable maps, suitable for visualization if needed, of such documentation.